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The macabre constant is a theorized bias in educational assessment that happens when a professor unconsciously splits students into three subjective categories—good, average and poor—regardless of their actual objective scholarly level. It was first proposed by the educational researcher André Antibi, appearing in his book "Constante macabre" published in 2003, and then in a subsequent book "Pour en finir avec la constante macabre" in 2007. ==Description== The macabre constant is a theoretical explanation of the supposedly prevalent fact (particularly in the French educational system) that there is a constant percentage of poor grades, of medium grades and of high grades in the educational system, no matter the actual academic level of the students and their proficiency at the knowledge and skills actually required. It should be noted that this concept does not apply only to elite courses (even if it is more prevalent in these courses), but also to general education and at all levels of education. This results in the socially relative selection of students, instead of an absolute, objective selection relative to the level of knowledge required. This phenomenon can form a large part of the cause of the distress and scholar disengagement for many students facing those issues, and thus it could be one of the main causes of educational failure. Many parameters may contribute to the prevalence of this phenomenon, but the two main causes are: * The tendency to sanction in the examination rather than emulating knowledge. This forces the reviewers to create tests based not on knowledge and skills, but on tricky questions, or even meta-knowledge (e.g., available in the book but not studied in the program or in the course with the professor). * The credibility of the examination / teacher / institution vis-à-vis the society, leading to the establishment of a constant rate of failure. Thus, the macabre constant would create an "artificial failure of students",〔(Educpros interview of André Antibi on 09.06.09 (fr) )〕 which may potentially lead to a school disengagement of failing students by a mechanism similar to the learned helplessness. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Macabre constant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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